12,993 research outputs found
Non-equilibrium ionization around clouds evaporating in the interstellar medium
It is of prime importance for global models of the interstellar medium to know whether dense clouds do or do not evaporate in the hot coronal gas. The rate of mass exchanges between phases depends very much on that. McKee and Ostriker's model, for instance, assumes that evaporation is important enough to control the expansion of supernova remnants, and that mass loss obeys the law derived by Cowie and McKee. In fact, the geometry of the magnetic field is nearly unknown, and it might totally inhibit evaporation, if the clouds are not regularly connected to the hot gas. Up to now, the only test of the theory is the U.V. observation (by the Copernicus and IUE satellites) of absorption lines of ions such as OVI or NV, that exist at temperatures of a few 100,000 K typical of transition layers around evaporating clouds. Other means of testing the theory are discussed
Neutrino Masses in Split Supersymmetry
We investigate the possibility to generate neutrino masses in the context of
Split supersymmetric scenarios where all sfermions are very heavy. All relevant
contributions coming from the R-parity violating terms to the neutrino mass
matrix up to one-loop level are computed, showing the importance of the Higgs
one-loop corrections. We conclude that it is not possible to generate all
neutrino masses and mixings in Split SUSY with bilinear R-Parity violating
interactions. In the case of Partial Split SUSY the one-loop Higgs
contributions are enough to generate the neutrino masses and mixings in
agreement with the experiment. In the context of minimal SUSY SU(5) we find new
contributions which help us to generate neutrino masses in the case of Split
SUSY.Comment: 33 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Physical Review
Discrete model for laser driven etching and microstructuring of metallic surfaces
We present a unidimensional discrete solid-on-solid model evolving in time
using a kinetic Monte Carlo method to simulate micro-structuring of kerfs on
metallic surfaces by means of laser-induced jet-chemical etching. The precise
control of the passivation layer achieved by this technique is responsible for
the high resolution of the structures. However, within a certain range of
experimental parameters, the microstructuring of kerfs on stainless steel
surfaces with a solution of shows periodic ripples,
which are considered to originate from an intrinsic dynamics. The model mimics
a few of the various physical and chemical processes involved and within
certain parameter ranges reproduces some morphological aspects of the
structures, in particular ripple regimes. We analyze the range of values of
laser beam power for the appearance of ripples in both experimental and
simulated kerfs. The discrete model is an extension of one that has been used
previously in the context of ion sputtering and is related to a noisy version
of the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation used extensively in the field of pattern
formation.Comment: Revised version. Etching probability distribution and new simulations
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Self-pulsing dynamics of ultrasound in a magnetoacoustic resonator
A theoretical model of parametric magnetostrictive generator of ultrasound is
considered, taking into account magnetic and magnetoacoustic nonlinearities.
The stability and temporal dynamics of the system is analized with standard
techniques revealing that, for a given set of parameters, the model presents a
homoclinic or saddle--loop bifurcation, which predicts that the ultrasound is
emitted in the form of pulses or spikes with arbitrarily low frequency.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
Excitability in a nonlinear magnetoacoustic resonator
We report a nonlinear acoustic system displaying excitability. The considered
system is a magnetostrictive material where acoustic waves are parametrically
generated. For a set of parameters, the system presents homoclinic and
heteroclinic dynamics, whose boundaries define a excitability domain. The
excitable behaviour is characterized by analyzing the response of the system to
different external stimuli. Single spiking and bursting regimes have been
identified.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
A second order minimality condition for the Mumford-Shah functional
A new necessary minimality condition for the Mumford-Shah functional is
derived by means of second order variations. It is expressed in terms of a sign
condition for a nonlocal quadratic form on , being a
submanifold of the regular part of the discontinuity set of the critical point.
Two equivalent formulations are provided: one in terms of the first eigenvalue
of a suitable compact operator, the other involving a sort of nonlocal capacity
of . A sufficient condition for minimality is also deduced. Finally, an
explicit example is discussed, where a complete characterization of the domains
where the second variation is nonnegative can be given.Comment: 30 page
Self-organization of ultrasound in viscous fluids
We report the theoretical and experimental demonstration of pattern formation
in acoustics. The system is an acoustic resonator containing a viscous fluid.
When the system is driven by an external periodic force, the ultrasonic field
inside the cavity experiences different pattern-forming instabilities leading
to the emergence of periodic structures. The system is also shown to possess
bistable regimes, in which localized states of the ultrasonic field develop.
The thermal nonlinearity in the viscous fluid, together with the
far-from-equilibrium conditions, are is the responsible of the observed
effects
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